Tom Metcalfe
Tom Metcalfe is a freelance journalist and regular Live Science contributor who is based in London in the United Kingdom. Tom writes mainly about science, space, archaeology, the Earth and the oceans. He has also written for the BBC, NBC News, National Geographic, Scientific American, Air & Space, and many others.
Latest articles by Tom Metcalfe

'Jackpot' of 2,000 early-medieval coins discovered by hiker in Czech Republic
By Tom Metcalfe published
The coins must have amounted to a huge sum when they were buried about 900 years ago.

Viking sword with 'very rare' inscription discovered on family farm in Norway
By Tom Metcalfe published
The ancient weapon seems to be a rare type of iron sword made in the Frankish Empire.

Wreck of WWII 'Hit 'Em Harder' submarine, which sank with 79 crew on board, discovered in South China Sea
By Tom Metcalfe published
The U.S. wreck is the grave site of the 79 crew who died when the sub was sunk in battle in 1944.

2,000-year-old gold jewelry from mysterious culture discovered in Kazakhstan
By Tom Metcalfe published
Researchers think the artifacts were made during the little-known Kangju state.

Grave robbers looted lavish 1,800-year-old tombs in China — but missed this one
By Tom Metcalfe published
Archaeologists think the people in the tombs, dated to the Han dynasty, were all from the same wealthy family.

6,800-year-old burial of Neolithic 'mayor' unearthed in Bavaria
By Tom Metcalfe published
The wealth of grave goods suggests the person buried there was a leader of high status — possibly a Stone Age chieftain.

'It was not a peaceful crossing': Hannibal's troops linked to devastating fire 2,200 years ago in Spain
By Tom Metcalfe published
Researchers think a farmhouse in the Pyrenees was set on fire by Carthaginian troops on their way to attack Rome.

Stone with 1,600-year-old Irish inscription found in English garden
By Tom Metcalfe published
Investigations show the stone is inscribed with a message in ogham, an Irish alphabet used from the fourth century A.D.

See stunning reconstruction of ancient Egyptian mummy that languished at an Australian high school for a century
By Tom Metcalfe published
The forensic facial reconstruction is based on a precise 3D model of the skull created with medical scans.

Iron Age necropolis that predates Rome unearthed near Naples
By Tom Metcalfe published
The excavations have recovered weapons, necklaces, bracelets and worked bones.

Key events in the Bible, such as the settlement and destruction of Jerusalem, confirmed using radiocarbon dating
By Tom Metcalfe published
The research combined radiocarbon dating with measurements of atmospheric radiocarbon from tree rings to build a chronology of the ancient city.

1,700-year-old Roman shipwreck was stuffed to the gills with fish sauce when it sank
By Tom Metcalfe published
The wreck near a beach on Mallorca gives a snapshot of sea trade in late Roman times.

Villa near Mount Vesuvius may be where Augustus, Rome's 1st emperor, died
By Tom Metcalfe published
Researchers say a villa buried by the eruption in A.D. 79 corresponds with records of the Roman emperor's death in A.D. 14.

Lavish 2,200-year-old tomb unearthed in China may be that of ancient king
By Tom Metcalfe published
It's not known who was buried in the tomb, but one expert says it was probably the Chu state ruler.

Weapons chest found on wreck of 15th-century 'floating castle' sheds light on 'military revolution at sea'
By Tom Metcalfe published
The chest could help archaeologists understand the fire and explosion that sank the vessel.

1,700-year-old Roman ruins discovered atop much older Neolithic sacred spring
By Tom Metcalfe published
Archaeologists think veneration of the freshwater spring started in Neolithic times.

Ancient artists high on hallucinogens may have carved dancer rock art in Peru
By Tom Metcalfe published
The research notes similarities between the carvings in southern Peru and the ayahuasca-induced art of the Amazon's Tucano people.

Neolithic women in Europe were tied up and buried alive in ritual sacrifices, study suggests
By Tom Metcalfe published
The research found evidence of the "incaprettamento" method of murder at 14 Neolithic sites in Europe.

Viking Age women with cone-shaped skulls likely learned head-binding practice from far-flung region
By Tom Metcalfe published
The skull modifications were found on the skeletons of three women buried on Gotland almost 1,000 years ago.

Pet fox with 'deep relationship with the hunter-gatherer society' buried 1,500 years ago in Argentina
By Tom Metcalfe published
Research suggests a fox buried with hunter-gatherers 1,500 years ago had a "strong bond" with humans.

Low tides reveal Bronze Age fortress that likely defended against Irish mainland
By Tom Metcalfe published
The walls, discovered on a partially submerged isthmus, were exposed by recent low tides.

Ancient quarries in Israel reveal where Homo erectus hunted and butchered elephants
By Tom Metcalfe published
Researchers suggest ancient quarry sites in Israel were favored because they were close to elephant migration routes.

Ötzi the Iceman used surprisingly modern technique for his tattoos 5,300 years ago, study suggests
By Tom Metcalfe published
The researchers compared Ötzi's ancient tattoos with modern tattoos made using different techniques on the skin of one of the authors.
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